What Is SRS In A Car? Everything You Need To Know


in Auto FAQs and News
Car airbags
Source: Pixabay

Modern automobiles are filled with technology-based acronyms, like ABS (anti-lock braking systems) and EFI (electronic fuel injection), but one less familiar term is SRS. Which leads to the obvious question, “What is SRS in a car?” SRS stands for supplemental restraint system, a fancy name for airbags that first appeared in cars about 50 years ago. Airbags are an essential safety system in today’s cars and have helped thousands of lives. 

While car owners may take SRS devices for granted (until they get used), it’s helpful to understand how this vital equipment works. We’ll go over the basics and explore the history of airbags. We’ll also discuss airbag recalls, which have been in the news in recent years.

What Is SRS In A Car: How Do Airbags Work?

Each SRS system has numerous sensors, a control unit, and airbags throughout the vehicle. The sensors are designed to detect a collision and send a signal to the control unit, determining the impact’s severity and whether to deploy the airbags.

Airbags are located throughout the vehicle, including the steering wheel, dashboard, and seats. Newer and more expensive cars tend to have more airbag devices. When deployed, the airbags inflate rapidly to cushion occupants and protect them from injury.

SRS systems are designed to work with other safety features, such as seat belts and anti-lock brakes, to maximize protection during a collision. Importantly, while SRS systems can help reduce the risk of crash injuries, they are not a replacement for proper seat belt use and safe driving practices.

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Types Of Airbags

Automakers use various airbag types, but not every vehicle uses every type.

  • Frontal airbags: These airbags are located in the steering wheel and dashboard and are designed to deploy in the event of a frontal collision. They help protect the driver and front passenger from striking the steering wheel or dashboard and can limit contact with the windshield.
  • Side airbags: Side airbags are placed in the doors or seats and inflate in the event of a side collision. These devices protect the occupants from being struck by objects inside the cabin and from being thrown out of the vehicle.
  • Curtain airbags: These airbags are located in the roof lining (usually above the doors) and activate during a rollover or side collision. Curtain airbags perform a function similar to side airbags (protecting occupants from impacting with objects in the cab or being ejected from the vehicle)
  • Knee airbags: Knee airbags are located underneath the steering wheel and in the dashboard and deploy in a frontal collision. These devices are designed to reduce leg and knee injuries. 
  • Other airbags: While less common, newer airbag types offer increased passenger protection. Variations include torso airbags placed in the front seat area adjacent to the center console. These SRS systems help absorb crash energy and minimize body injuries during a side-impact collision. Rear-seat airbags have also started to be used, which perform similarly to frontal airbags but protect back-seat passengers. 

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What Is SRS In A Car: History Of Airbags

According to a 2005 report from the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, the first patent for an inflatable restraint system was awarded in the 1950s to John W. Hetrick, an engineer. However, it was in the 1970s that airbags began to be used in vehicles on a widespread basis.

General Motors introduced the first production car equipped with airbags, the Oldsmobile Toronado. Other automakers quickly followed suit, and by the 1980s, airbags had become a standard safety feature in vehicles.

As SRS systems became more widespread, concerns about their effectiveness and potential for causing injury began to emerge. In the 1990s, there were several high-profile incidents involving airbags that caused severe injuries or fatalities, leading to the introduction of new regulations and safety standards. Newer airbag systems have a variable deployment feature based on occupant size or child safety seat use. 

Today, airbags are required in all new cars sold in the United States and are an important safety feature that has helped reduce the number of injuries and fatalities in car accidents. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), airbags have helped save more than 50,000 lives from 1987 to 2017.

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What Is SRS In A Car: Airbag Recalls

There’s always a possibility that any mechanical device can malfunction, and airbags are no different. An SRS system that fails to deploy properly compromises the safety of vehicle occupants. In these situations, a recall is initiated to correct the problem. 

Here are a few things to know about airbag recalls:

  • Airbag recalls are relatively common: Unfortunately, complexity and malfunctions go hand-in-hand, so almost every major automaker has had an airbag recall.
  • Airbag recalls are administered by NHTSA: All automaker recalls in the U.S. are coordinated through NHTSA. This federal agency works with each manufacturer to determine the scope of the recall and the required repairs. 
  • Airbag recall repairs should be performed immediately: If your vehicle is affected by an airbag recall, it is crucial to get it fixed as soon as possible. This will help ensure that your airbags function correctly and protect you in a collision.
  • You can check for open recalls: You can check for open recalls on your car by visiting the NHTSA website and entering your vehicle’s VIN (vehicle identification number). The automaker and its authorized dealers can also provide vehicle recall status. 
  • Some airbag recalls take years to complete: Airbag recalls are lengthy, as it can be challenging to locate and notify all affected vehicle owners. In addition, making replacement parts available can be time-consuming for manufacturers. In other words, just because an airbag recall has been announced doesn’t mean the dealer is ready to fix things.

What To Know About Takata Airbags

One of the most infamous airbag recalls involves products from Takata, a now-defunct Japanese company. Takata airbags were used in millions of vehicles from Audi, BMW, Ford, General Motors, Honda, Toyota, and other automakers. Under certain circumstances, these airbags could explode, causing injuries and fatalities to a vehicle’s occupants. 

It’s an ongoing issue that NHTSA still tracks. According to Consumer Reports, as many as 67 million Takata airbags have been recalled, but 11 million still have yet to be replaced.

Airbag Maintenance: Keeping Your SRS System in Top Shape

While airbags are designed to be low-maintenance, there are several steps you can take to ensure your SRS system remains in optimal condition:

  • Regular inspections: Have your airbag system inspected during routine maintenance checks. A professional can spot potential issues before they become serious problems.
  • Heed warning lights: If your SRS or airbag warning light illuminates, don’t ignore it. This could indicate a system malfunction that requires immediate attention.
  • Keep the dashboard clear: Avoid placing objects on the dashboard that could interfere with airbag deployment. This includes aftermarket phone mounts or decorative items.
  • Clean with care: When cleaning your car’s interior, be gentle around airbag locations. Harsh chemicals or rough handling could potentially damage the system.
  • Avoid DIY repairs: Never attempt to repair or modify airbag components yourself. These systems are complex and potentially dangerous if mishandled.
  • Replace after deployment: If your airbags have deployed, they must be replaced by a certified technician. Never attempt to reset or reinstall deployed airbags.
  • Consider age: Airbags don’t last forever. If your vehicle is over 10 years old, consult with a professional about the condition of your airbag system.
  • Protect from water damage: In case of flooding or significant water exposure, have your airbag system checked for potential damage.

Remember, a well-maintained airbag system is crucial for your safety. When in doubt, always consult with a qualified automotive technician.

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